Log in here. These elements, in English are: personals, demonstratives, and comparatives. He and his friend Mal Brossard decide to take a bus into Agerstown to see a moviethough Holden hates moviesand Holden convinces Mal to let Ackley go with them. This is why he is scared to grow up. Lexical peculiarities are the most important features of lexico-stylistic analyses and these features are very important for the reader in order easily to understand the whole content of the work. The same types of words and phrases are used in presenting explanations and arguments. It is inseparable from our image of Holden, with good reason: it is a symbol of his uniqueness and individuality. Another problem is the transferred qualifier, or an epithet syntactically joined to a word to which it does not belong logically. In general, the main characters are usually misfits of society: they dont like their way of life; they use to start with their stories telling us their bad conditions, their problems with the society and life in general. The characters in J.D. There are different types of lexical difficulties in translation and the main of them are: A polysemy is a word or phrase with multiple, related meanings. Yet, while his behavior indicates his loneliness, Holden consistently shies away from introspection and thus doesn't really know why he keeps behaving as he does. It is an implicit comparison of two unlike objects. Another important aspect concerning the importance of translations in general, and of Salingers s Romanian version in particular, is that much of the target audience has access to a literary text only through its translation in the TL. How do you know? I'd just be the catcher in the rye and all. But he refuses to acknowledge this fear, expressing it only in a few instancesfor example, when he talks about sex and admits that [s]ex is something I just don't understand. The terms 'explain' or 'explanation,' et cetera is frequently used in arguments. Peculiar use of set expressions (clichs, proverbs. your own essay or use it as a source, but you need Theyre nice and all Im not saying that but. March 3, 2023, SNPLUSROCKS20 Allie's glove, with the green writing on it, is symbolic of isolation. J. D. Salinger also uses another comparison with the worst place that could exist as hell because the author pointed out through the comparison like sad as hell (J.D.Salinger:13) that he used this word also with another meaning like that the person that made the worst thing in this life because through this words the author showed to the reader that Holdens feelings were compared with a hell. By signing up you agree to our terms and privacy policy. One of the main problem or difficulty in translation- is the use of bilingual dictionaries. He reads Holden's composition and becomes visibly annoyed, asserting that it has nothing to do with the assignment and that it's no wonder Holden is being expelled. You may cancel your subscription on your Subscription and Billing page or contact Customer Support at custserv@bn.com. Meaning is not some abstract object that is independent of people and culture. Join the dicussion. This leads to the interpretation that using the same linguistic pattern denotes a more faithful translation. The more Holden focuses on his dead brother, the more alone he feels.He does not connect with the people around him, but dwells on people who are memories, like Allie and Jane Gallagher. Following the idea of transferring the jargon, its adopted an idiomatic translation: A translation strategy that consists of producing a target text that conforms to the conventions established in the target language and to the spontaneous form of expression commonly used by native speakers., This novel is one of the most famous American novels in the 20th century and is strongly bound to American society. Holdens actions are inconsistent with his opinions, but instead of making him seem like a hypocrite, this makes him more likable: he is kind to Ackley without commenting on it, and he shows himself capable of going to the movies with his friends like a normal teenager. 2023. Who are the experts?Our certified Educators are real professors, teachers, and scholars who use their academic expertise to tackle your toughest questions. Holden believes childhood is very. I was wondering where the ducks went when the lagoon got all icy and frozen over. how my parents were occupied and all []. The Catcher In the Rye are both among the most important novels of the twentieth century. Holden has issues with sex and manhood, and both are issues when he learns that Stradlater and Jane are going on a date. Although the language of the Romanian version is much harsher, stronger and more direct as the original, it is the only way Romanian readers who do not speak English or who did not read the novel in original (depending thus entirely on its translation) can really understand the controversy created around the novel and why so many people censured and banned it. Up home we wear a hat like that to shoot deer in, for Chrissake, he said. Why wouldn't Holden be back to Pencey after Christmas vacation? They played checkers and became good friends. Inter-semiotic translation or transmutation (an interpretation of verbal signs of non-verbal sign systems). In the conclusion can be sad that the Romanian version achieved its aim; that of creating a contemporary and updated translation, especially in terms of language and language use. The works of Salinger show the quest for happiness through religion, loneliness, and symbolism. Of all the places in the novel where Holden discusses his hat, the most famous and recognizable symbol in the book, this is probably the most enlightening. Holden's definition of phoniness relies mostly on a kind of self-deception: he seems to reserve the most scorn for people who think that they are something they are not or who refuses to acknowledge their own weaknesses. There are three types of characters speech that could be used in writing and these types are: J. D. Salinger in his novel used all these three types of characters speech in his work The Cather in the Ray. What does this reveal about Holden? It is often subsumed under the general umbrella of 'relying on the context to disambiguate meanings', which, among other things, means using our knowledge of collocational patterns to decode the meaning of a word or a stretch of language. Slang- is the use of informal words and expressions that are not considered standard in the speaker's dialect or language. Nevertheless such cases are not always losses in translation. It occurs in Chapter 22, after Holden has slipped quietly back into his apartment and is speaking with Phoebe. what do numbers in parentheses mean on a bill; salina cruz mexico real estate; how do i email sanjay gupta. In The Catcher in the Rye, how does Holden describe his mother? You can use it as an example when writing In the words of Nida and Taber (1974): Translating consists of reproducing, in the target language, the nearest equivalent to the message in the source language, in the first place in the semantic aspect and, in the second place, in the stylistic aspect. Life is a game that one plays according to the rules., [Ackley] took another look at my hat . In Chapter 22, just before he reveals his fantasy of the catcher in the rye, Holden explains that adults are inevitably phonies, and, what's worse, they can't see their own phoniness. The Modernists constructed their works out of fragments, omitting the exposition, transitions, resolutions, and explanations used in traditional literature., Many scientists investigated J. D. Salingers novel The Catcher in the Ray expressed their points of view such as: In 1961, the critic Alfred Kazin explained that Salinger's choice of teenagers as a subject matter was one reason for his appeal to young readers, but another was "a consciousness [among youths] that he speaks for them and virtually to them, in a language that is peculiarly honest and their own, with a vision of things that capture their most secret judgments of the world." Both physical and emotional relationships offer Holden opportunity to break out of his isolated shell. "Mad about Children." The types of the lexical peculiarities and their meanig would be pointed out in the context of this reserch paper. In translation from English to other languages it is faced the conflict of two completely different cultures, levels of development, customs and traditions. Language metaphors are stock metaphors. First, they dont contain all phraseologisms, then because every day new ones are formed, and lastly because dictionaries have a limited length and cannot contain all. I live in New York, and I was thinking about the lagoon in Central Park, down near Central Park South. A translator should not try to preserve the stylistic device given in the sentence, but reproduce its function in the target language. Afterwards, Salinger struggled with unwanted attention, including a legal battle in the 1980s with biographer Ian Hamilton and the release in the late 1990s of memoirs written by two people close to him: Joyce Maynard, an ex-lover; and Margaret Salinger, his daughter. The author used the next kind of epithets grand people (J. D. Salinger: 8) which is a simple epithet because is used by an adjective and a noun. Observe the cat is scratching right now." I need at least one quote for support. He uses the pronoun you all the time, but as we know this could be translated as tu, c-ati, va. Because people are unpredictable, they challenge Holden and force him to question his senses of self-confidence and self-worth. The first time period was during World War II, and the second time period was during the 1960s. There are three types of stylistic devices which were used by the author in The catcher in the Ray: Dictionary and contextual (Metaphors, metonymy, irony etc. At the same time, he is very self-conscious about the hathe always mentions when he is wearing it, and he often doesn't wear it if he is going to be around people he knows. The first chapter deals with J. D. Salingers place in world literature, the most important influences on his writing style, the cultural and historical background behind his literary works and how they influenced and were reflected in his literary creations. For this reason, the translator plays an important role as a bilingual or multi-lingual cross-cultural transmitter of culture and truths by attempting to interpret concepts and speech in a variety of texts as faithfully and accurately as possible. Rev. 125, No. The second problem consists in the identification of phraseologisms under a given entry: "to be between hammer and anvil" can be found under the words "between", or "anvil", or "hammer", or "be", but certainly if it is present under one entry it is absent in all the other entries, otherwise the dictionary would be too redundant. Selma is the Headmaster's daughter. In this case, the provided solutions are not the explanation of the sense of phraseologisms that, in the compilers intentions, should serve to translate them into the other language. Though he was two years younger than Holden, Holden says that Allie was the most intelligent member of his family. Stylistic (translational) equivalence, where there is `functional equivalence of elements in both original and translation aiming at an expressive identity with an invariant of identical meaning'. The law of compensation is a technique used in translation to make up for the losses present in the TT and it works by (re)creating other effects, similar to the ones specific to the ST but in the TT when possible and using the TL resources, a law applicable in the Romanian versions discussed. Finally, Holden senses sometimes that the words he is using are not quite right, that language fails him: "I don't exactly know what I mean by that," he says at one point, "but I mean it." Throughout the novel, Holden seems to be excluded from and victimized by the world around him. This type contain two subtypes and one of these subtypes is Interjections and Exclamatory words which are words that that we use when we express our feelings strongly and which may be said to exist in language as conventional symbols of human emotions. Allie is a special person to Holden because of his intelligence and kindness, When Holden accepted the favor of writing Stradlater's composition, Holden has also accepted an obstacle in his time during his stay in Pencey Prep. This has been mainly achieved by the careful and analytical comparison of some identical passages from the ST with its translations. In conclusion, Salingers characters feel that society is hard and they have to go away. This book has had a huge impact on teenagers all over the world. 3, 16 July 1951, 20-1. Do you know why Holden agrees with Stradlaters demand to write for him a composition? As there are no equivalent expressions in the target language, the nuances of this kind taken from the whole novel are lost in Romanian translation. Sometimes in translation, the translator will face some problems related to the equivalences of source and target languages. J. D. Salinger is one of the main representatives of the Modern literature which is experimented with a wide variety of new approaches and techniques, producing a remarkably diverse body of literature. Every language worked out its own clichs and some set expressions used by speakers, nevertheless those word expressions are not phraseological units but they possess complete form, which, in comparison with the phraseological units, are never broken by adding some introductory words or substitution of some of its elements. The mitt is representive of all these things. I need at least one quote for support. Members will be prompted to log in or create an account to redeem their group membership. The target-oriented means [to render] a source text in a form that is as natural as possible for the reader of the target text and that conforms to conventional usage in the target language and culture. There are five quotations that are used by the author in his novel The Catcher in the Ray: Game, my ass. Volume 17, The World book Encyclopedia, World Book Inc a Scott Fetzer Company Chicago London Sydney Toronto 1997, http://books.guardian.co.uk/adaptations/story/0,,1767434,00.html, http://www.levity.com/corduroy/salinger1.htm, http://www.salinger.org/index.php?title=Main_Page. Salinger uses symbolism from other books in his books to convey how the characters in his works will change for a better life. "Anyway, that's what I wrote Stradlater's composition about. The popularity of the novel and debate over its redeeming social value have never faltered since its initial publication, due in no large part to the fact that J.D. Holden realizes the irony that he is flunking out of Pencey, yet is still asked to do work for others. Indeed, the cynicism that Holden uses to avoid expressing his feelings may result from Allies death. The conclusion is that generally they have been successfully rendered and they have usually followed the ST.. Occasional meanings, suddenly originated in the context are not always arbitrary it is based into the semantic structure of the word. They sought to capture the essence of modern life in the form and content of their work. D .Salinger: 11) in order to point out the thoughts of another characters about Holden for pointing out that Holden wasnt a good character for another characters. In the preparatory phase of a translation, cognition, in the form of self-consciousness and self-confidence, plays a very important role, inasmuch as this period implies conscious mental activities, where translating problems are detected and analyzed, and information and knowledge are accumulated. It is a memorable moment, because Holden clearly lacks such willingness in other aspects of his life. The main difficulties involved in translating idioms and fixed expressions may be summarized as follows: Like single words, idioms and fixed expressions may be culture-specific. Throughout the novel, Holden struggles through teenage life because he cannot accept the given responsibilities that come with growing up. Lexical cohesion is a relation that exists between or among specific elements of different sentences in a text and is achieved through the vocabulary. Holden wouldn't stop talking about Jane and kept calling him a moron and insulting him Where did Holden go immediately after the fight? The first point that would be discussed in this thesis is Lexical peculiarities which are one of the main characteristic of the defining the main features of the text. Holden cannot get a moment alone; Ackley continues to barge in with his made-up sex stories, and when Holden writes the very personal composition about his brother Allie, Stradlater criticizes it and then taunts Holden about Jane. Normally, the conflict becomes the base of the unhapppiness, but many of the Salingers characters, loneliness or isolation is the better way for seach happiness. He thinks the line is If a body catch a body comin' through the rye, but the actual lyric is If a body meet a body, coming through the rye.. An important conclusion is that the law of compensation always functions in a translation, as also in the case of the discussed versions of Salingers novel. Need urgent help with your paper? Salinger seems to be almost identical to Holden in the story. ; the person lost their job, the person got evicted, etc.). The fact that he keeps the mitt with poems inside, tells the reader that Holden has not let Start your 48-hour free trial to unlock this answer and thousands more. It is obvious from the start that Holden uses the hat as a mark of individuality and independence. The following problem which demands careful consideration in lexical transformations of translation is problem of word combinability. There are two cases in which an idiom can be easily misinterpreted if one is not already familiar with it: Apart from being alert to the way speakers and writers manipulate certain features of idioms and to the possible confusion which could arise from similarities in form between source and target expressions, a translator must also consider the collocational environment which surrounds any expression whose meaning is not readily accessible. The scientists identify the next types of translation difficulties and these types are: The first step towards an examination of the process of translation must be to accept that although translation has a central core of linguistic activity, it belongs most properly to semiotics, the science that studies sign systems or structures, sign processes and sign functions (Hawkes, Structuralism and Semiotics, London, 1977). I tried to rub it off with my hand again, but this one was scratched on, with a knife or something. the English Literature by Stulov A criminal profiler may offer an explanation of a suspect's behavior (e.g. Other types are derivations from one of the other meanings that lead to a verb or activity. Besides, a short, compared with the noun predicate can not bear the emphatic sense of a large group of nouns. Afterward, he smokes a cigarette in the room just to annoy Stradlater. Lexical peculiarities comprise the following difficulties: difference in the semantic volume of a word because a word exists in a close connection with the lexical-semantic system of a given language. (2019, Mar 02). By continuing well assume youre on board with our As he watches Phoebe sleep, Holden projects his own idealizations of childhood onto her. Holden has to be in the mood to do anything. The example for this wrd with its meanings could be like I left the goddam foils andstuff on the subway (J. D. Salinger: p.170 in English and Am uitat blestmatele aleade florete ?i tot echipamentul in metrou. and throughthis example ispinted out that the author used not only the main meaning of the word. Alliefelt separate from his teammates while playing baseball. Stradlater's composition is supposed to be about a room in a house that can be described. They also represent what he fears most about the adult world: complexity, unpredictability, and potential for conflict and change.